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 respect to equipment, disposal sites, economics, etc. An alternative can be
as simple as specifying the details of one-person versus two-person collection
crews, or it may be as complex as specifying landfill disposal of all wastes
versus processing wastes at multiple stations and selling recovered materials
to numerous dispersed markets. Every alternative must satisfy the requirement
of measurability. Documentation for each alternative, regardless of complex-
ity, must encompass the following: (1) performance, (2) economic analysis,
(3) impact assessment, and (4) administration and management and an
implementation schedule.
3.4.4.1
Performance. Performance means getting the job done. The
work force and equipment required to provide the level of service desired by
the installation must be specified. The details of performance will vary with
individual installations, but Significant details that must be identified
include (1) level of service, (2) equipment reliability and flexibility, (3)
equipment and work force expandability, and (4) program compatibility with
other environmental programs (air and water) and with future changes in solid
waste technology.
3.4.4.2
With these details established, it is possible to contrast
performance functions of a recommended program with performance functions of
alternatives without additional planning studies. This is an important part
in achieving plan implementation.
3.4.4.3
Economic Analysis. Once the details of performance have
been identified, it is important to analyze the economic impacts of each
alternative. The analysis must include estimates of capital cost as well as
of operating costs. The cost of an alternative normally will be expressed as
an annual cost. When divided by the annual quantity of wastes handled, the
cost can also be expressed as a unit cost. Unit costs, such as dollars per
ton, are often used to compare the cost effectiveness of alternatives.
3.4.4.4
When cost estimates are completed, financing methods can
be identified. Some alternatives will require line item appropriations,
whereas others may be financed from a general operating fund.
3.4.4.5
Impact Assessment. The programs of a waste management
plan will have an impact on an installation through changes to the natural
environment and through involvement of the base personnel. Any activities
that significantly affect the environment (e.g., landfill and incineration)
require an Environmental Assessment. Although environmental assessments do
not need to be approved by EPA, state, or local regulatory agencies, it is
prudent that federal agencies solicit comments from EPA, state, and local
agencies prior to finalizing these documents. If an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) is required, then formalized procedures for EPA approval must
be followed.
3.4.4.6
Activities that require voluntary support of base
personnel (e.g., recycling) must anticipate human reactions to such requests.
Few hard and fast rules apply. A useful generalization is to keep all
requests for voluntary participation simple and painless and simultaneously
emphasize the benefits to participants.
3.4.4.7 Administration and Management. The administrative functions
and organizations for implementation must also be identified for each
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