Electric Power Distribution Systems Operations

• Electric Power Distribution Systems Operations
• Foreword
• Abstract
• Change Control Sheet
• Table of Contents
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Figures
• Figures -Cont.
• Chapter 1. Principles of Power Systems
• Prime Movers
• Parallel Operation of Generators
• Primary Distribution Systems
• Distribution Substations
• Figure 1-2. Typical Distribution Substation Arrangements
• Substation Bus Arrangements
• Types of Systems
• Figure 1-3. Typical Bus Arrangements
• Figure 1-4. Four Primary Feeder Arrangements
• Secondary Voltage Levels
• Expanded Radial Distribution System
• Figure 1-6 Expanded Radial Distribution System
• Figure 1-8. Loop Primary-Radial Distribution System
• Secondary Banking
• Figure 1-10 Secondary Network Distribution System
• Emergency and Standby Power Systems
• Figure 1-11. Secondary Banking Distribution System
• Engine-Driven Generators
• Typical Engine Generator Systems
• Engine Generator Operation
• Figure 1-14. Combined Utility Genarator System
• Turbine-Driven Generators
• Mobile Power Systems
• Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems
• Static (Solid-State Electronic Circuitry) Systems
• Figure 1-15. Rotating Flywheel No Break System
• Figure 1-16. Nonredundent UPS System
• Figure 1-18. Redundant UPS System
• Chapter 2. Power Distribution Cable Systems
• Classes of Conductors
• Shielding of Higher Voltage Cable
• Nonmetallic Finishes
• Electrical and Environmental Specifications
• Voltage Rating
• EmergencyOverload Criteria
• Types of Cable Installations
• Above-Ground Conduits
• Grounding of Cable Systems
• Power System Applications
• Underground Systems
• Chapter 3. Power System Electrical Equipment
• Fundamental Transformer Principles
• No-Load and Load Losses
• Insulation
• Air or Gas
• Cooling
• Transformer Impedance
• Connections
• Wye-Delta
• Open-Delta
• Scott Connection
• Six-Phase Star
• Parallel Operation
• Classifications
• Special Transformers
• Figure 3-9. Zigzag Three-Phase Grounding Transformer
• Voltage Regulators
• Ferroresonant Constant Voltage Transformer
• Regulator Control
• Parallel Operation of Step Regulators
• Regulator Bypassing Equipment
• Bypassing Three-Phase Voltage Regulators
• Types of Switches and Their Application
• Oil Switches
• Switch Accessories
• Circuit Breakers
• Maximum Momentary Current Rating
• Major Component Parts
• Bushings
• Mechanism
• Mechanism -Cont.
• Auxiliary Relays and Meters
• Manual Closing
• Malfunction
• Table 3.1 Troubleshooting Chart for Circuit Breaker Operation
• Operating Condition of Breaker
• Three-Phase Versus Single-Phase Reclosers
• Interrupter
• Automatic Operation
• Low Power Factor
• Construction
• Fixed Capacitors
• Types of Switching Devices
• Control Devices
• Service Conditions
• Personnel Protection
• Substation Grounding
• Cable Placement
• Preventive Maintenance
• Voltage Regulators
• Power Capacitors
• Chapter 4. Power System Protection and Coordination
• Protective Equipment
• Short-Circuit Currents
• Short-Circuit Current Behavior
• Short-Circuit Current Behavior -Cont.
• Figure 4-1. Symmetrical Short-Circuit Current Wave
• Figure 4-2 Decreasing Symmetrical Short-Circuit Current
• Figure 4-3. Asymmetrical Short-Circuit Current Wave
• Withstand Capability
• Protective Relay Systems
• Directional Relays
• Current Phase-Balance Relays
• Pilot-Wire Relays
• Relay Device Numbers and Functions
• Relay Device Numbers and Functions -Cont.
• Relay Device Numbers and Functions -Cont.
• Zones of Protection
• Figure 4-4. A Typical Power System and Its Zones of Protection
• Transformer Protection
• Power Cable Protection
• Table 4-1. Relays Generally Used For Motor Protection
• Low-Voltage Fuses
• High-Voltage Fuses
• Distribution Fuses
• Molded-Case Circuit Breakers
• Trip Device Characteristics
• Protection
• System Coordination Study
• Coordination Time Intervals
• Direct-Acting Trip Circuit Breakers and Fuses
• Direct-Acting Trip Circuit Breakers and Fuses
• Coordination Curves
• Figure 4-7. Time Current Curve Band
• Plotting Procedures
• Chapter 5. Power System Instruments and Meters
• Direct Current Measurements
• Instruments
• Recording Instruments
• Low-Resistance Ohmmeter
• Watt-hour Meters
• Demand Meters
• Printing Demand Meter
• Chapter 6. Power System Operation
• Power System Parameters
• Basic System Control Operations
• Reactive Power and Voltage Control
• Computer Control
• Control-Power
• Supervisory Control Equipment
• Automatic Control
• Safety Practices
• Environmental Regulations
• Occupational Safety and Health Requirements
• Chapter 7. Electrical Utilization Systems
• Effect of Voltage Variations
• Street Lighting Systems
• Constant-Current Transformers
• Chapter 8. Managing the Operation of Electrical Distribution Systems
• Routine Operation
• System Disturbances or Outages
• Less Than 0.001 Cycle
• Power Quality
• Voltage Regulation
• Power Factor Control
• Operational Improvements
• Maintenance Management
• Benefits of an EPM Program
• Ingredients of an Effective EPM Program
• Maintenance Supervisor
• Emergency Procedures
• Scheduling
• System Planning Studies
• Long Range System Planning
• Details of Long Range System Planning
• System Model
• Figure 8-1. System Model
• System Model -Cont.
• Short Range System Planning
• Voltage Drop Factors
• Coordination Study
• Coordination Study -Cont.
• Economic Conductor Analysis
• Economic Conductor Analysis -Cont.
• Power Factor Correction
• Chapter 9. New and Emerging Technology
• SCADA Applications for Electric Utilities
• Typical SCADA System Configuration
• Programmable Logic Controllers
• Microprocessor Controls
• Cogeneration
• Cogeneration -Cont.
• Variable Speed Electric Drive Systems
• Variable Speed Electric Drive Systems -Cont.
• Appendix A Operating Responsibilities and Organization Relationships
• Organizational Relationships
• Bibliography
• Bibliography -Cont.
• Bibliography -Cont.
• Index
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
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Electric Power Distribution Systems Operations