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 on the size and method of operation and, to some degree, on the experience and
preference of the operators (Tables 4-2-7B and 4-2-7C). The most common
equipment used on sanitary landfills is the crawler tractor, which can be used
with a dozer blade, trash blade, or front-end loader. A tractor is versatile
and can normally perform all required operations: spreading, compacting,
covering, trenching, and hauling the cover material. If a machine is required
nearly full time for compaction, it is economically advisable to purchase a
landfill compactor. Other types of equipment commonly used at large sanitary
landfills, where specialized equipment increases overall efficiency, are
scrapers, draglines, graders, rubber-tired loaders, and water trucks. Rubber-
tired tractors are recommended for certain landfill operations. Use of this
type of equipment, however, leads to a continuous tire maintenance problem and
increased equipment downtime. Sketches of a crawler tractor, steel-wheeled
tractors, and self-loading scraper are shown in Figures 4-2-7D, E, and F,
respectively. Vehicles will have Roll Over Protection/Fall Protection without
regard to age of vehicle. (29 CFR 1926.1000.)
4.2.7.19 These types of equipment are designed to perform the
following major functions:
1.
Waste Handling. This function includes the moving, spreading, and
compaction of the waste.
2.
Cover Material Handling. Cover material handling includes the
excavation, transportation, distribution, and compaction of the
cover material.
3.
Support Functions. Support functions include the construction and
maintenance of the access roads, the control of dust, and protection
against fires.
4.2.7.20 Sanitary landfills that handle about 150 tons (136 metric
tons), or less, of solid waste per day can normally operate efficiently with
one piece of equipment; but provisions must be made for standby equipment.
Large landfills that handle more than 300 tons (272 metric tons) of solid
waste per day will require more than one piece of equipment. At these sites,
specialized equipment can be utilized to increase efficiency and minimize
costs.
4.2.7.21 Closure Plans
4.2.7.22 Site closure can be both expensive and difficult if it is
not included as part of the initial landfill design.
4.2.7.23 Three basic goals need to be achieved. First, closure shall
minimize the need for further maintenance at the landfill site. Second,
closure shall place the landfill in a condition that will have the least
possible detrimental environmental impacts in the future. Third, the closure
plan should consider preparation of the site for future use.
4-58
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