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 landfills have a groundwater monitoring system incorporated into their design.
The purpose of these wells is to evaluate the performance and design of the
facilities provided for leachate control.
4.2.7.29 Drainage control problems can result in accelerated erosion
of a particular area within the landfill. Differential settling of drainage
control structures can limit their usefulness and may result in failure to
direct storm water properly off the site. Serious erosion problems can result
from improper drainage control.
4.2.7.30 The site closure plan should consider that sites larger
than 10 acres be prepared for the DoD forestry program if no more productive
use is planned. Production of species with shallow root systems, such as
Virginia pines or cedar, for Christmas trees may be a viable alternative.
4.2.7.31 The criteria for Solid Waste Disposal Facilities are
currently undergoing revision by the EPA. The proposed (1988) revisions are
included in Appendix A-I.
4.2.8
Volume Reduction
4.2.8.1 Reducing the volume of solid waste has the potential for
cost savings when land costs are high or space is unavailable, or transfer and
long-distance hauling are necessary. Several processes are available for con-
sideration. All are expensive and shall be justified only when significant
cost savings can be achieved in the disposal process. Table 4-2-8A summarizes
advantages of common waste processing techniques. Resource recovery is
discussed in Section 4.3. Incineration is the topic of Section 4.4.
4.2.8.2 Mechanical volume reduction by compaction is widely
practiced. Shredding is less common because component wear (cost) is high.
Table 4-2-8B lists several types of commercially available compaction
equipment. Table 4-2-8C gives important design factors to consider in the
selection of compaction equipment.
4.3
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING
4.3.1 Resource Conservation. Resource conservation is defined as the
reduction of the amounts of solid waste that are generated, reduction of
overall resources consumed, and utilization of recovered resources. DoD
policy is that solid and other waste materials will be reduced at the source
whenever possible.
4.3.2 Reuse/Recycling. Reuse is defined as the use of a waste material
or product more than once without any change in form. For example, a soft-
drink bottle is reused when it is returned to a bottling company and refilled.
Recycling is the process by which reclaimed resources are transformed into new
products in such a manner that the original products may lose their original
forms. A market analysis is essential before instituting recycling programs.
The material must be in a form that the market will accept (i.e., clean,
segregated, etc.). For example, an aluminum can is recycled when it is
returned to the smelter, melted, and reformed into sheet aluminum to be
manufactured into a new can or another completely different product. The
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