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 28
AFM 91-19 / TM 5-629 / NAVFAC MO-314
24 May 1989
strawberry, knawel, and many others. Do not
b. The renovating should be done at a time
apply dicamba within the "drip line" of shrubs
that will favor establishing the desired turf grass
and trees.
species, i.e., when rainfall is expected to be
(5) Speedwells and prostrate spurge are not
adequate to germinate the selected grass seeds,
well controlled with 2,4-D and the herbicides
especially if irrigation is not available, and when
commonly sold in mixtures with it, except when
competing weeds will be least troublesome. Early
the plants are quite young. These weeds can be
fall (September in most regions) is best time to
suppressed, however, with sprays of DCPA
establish Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and
(attachment 10) applied when forsythia is flow-
other cool-season grasses. The varieties of turf
ering or lilacs are about to bloom. Postemer-
grass selected should be those best adapted to
gence application of bromoxynil (0.38 to 0.5
the region. In some situations, and with some
lb/a) on young spurge plants may further reduce
turf species, sodding or sprigging will be done
infestation.
rather than seeding. The installation land man-
(6) Yellow nutsedge is a perennial that re-
agement plan should be consulted, or local
produces in lawns mainly by underground nut-
advice should be obtained, because conditions
lets that persist in the dormant stage. If there
and the adapted turf grass species vary greatly
are only a few plants, persistently pulling the
among regions.
plants before each mowing will control them.
Heavy infestations are controlled with difficulty,
4-9. Renovating Turf With Herbicides:
and often incompletely, but they can be reduced
a. A number of herbicides will kill all estab-
with two or three treatments of bemtazon or
lished vegetation. Some herbicides require no
DSMA, or other methanearsonates, in late June
waiting period between treatment and seeding,
and July (attachment 10). Allow 7 to 14 days
while others leave toxic residues and require
between treatments. Repeated, heavy treatments
waiting periods of 20 to 50 days before seeding.
with 2,4-D will also reduce stands of yellow
b. No seedbed tillage is necessary after vegeta-
nutsedge. Temporary, slight discoloration of the
tion is killed by herbicides, provided the turf-
lawn may result.
grass seeds are placed in contact with the min-
(7) Wild garlic and onion produce hard-
eral soil. A disk seeder accomplishes this task.
shelled bulbs that may lie dormant underground
Usually seed in two passes that cross one an-
and continue to produce plants for about 3
other at right angles. If excessive thatch is
years. Therefore, controlling this species requires
present, then tillage, verticutting, or thorough
three annual treatments with 2,4-D made in late
raking with a thatch rake will be necessary.
winter or very early spring. Low-volatile ester
When tillage is limited, germinating weed seeds
formulations are more effective than amine
can cause severe weed problems, and supplemen-
salts. Early spring treatment with chlorsulfuron
tal weed control is often required.
is also an effective control for wild garlic.
c. Glyphosate is used as a foliage spray and
effectively controls grasses and broadleaf weeds
Section B -- Renovating Turf and Treating New
(attachment 10). Plants should have well-
Seedings
developed foliage and be growing actively when
sprayed. Glyphosate is translocated throughout
the plant. Therefore, the vegetation should not
4-8. Spot Infestations and Degraded Turf:
be mowed, verticut, or cultivated for 3 or more
a. Sometimes a turf will have spot infestation
days after treatment. Glyphosate is water soluble
of undesirable grasses or will be generally de-
and will be partially washed off of plants if
graded with weeds and mixed grass species, and
rainfall or sprinkle irrigation occurs within 6
these conditions cannot be corrected with selec-
hours of treatment.
tive herbicides. For example, a Kentucky blue-
d. When making spot treatments, be careful
grass turf may be invaded by a coarse grass such
to confine the spray to the area that needs to be
as tall fescue, or pernicious perennials such as
treated. For weed species that have rhizomes and
bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, bentgrass, quack-
stolons that grow outward, such as bermuda-
grass, or nimblewill. These unwanted grasses
grass, the sprayed area should extend at least 12
cannot be controlled selectively in Kentucky
inches beyond the observed plants.
bluegrass. They must be killed, and the desired
e. Most cool-season grasses and annual
turf must then be reestablished. Spot treatments
grasses can be killed with glyphosate at 1.5 lb/a.
may be sufficient, or entire lawns may need to
Almost all plants of such strongly spreading
be replaced, depending upon the situation.
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