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 30
AFM 91-19 / TM 5-629 / NAVFAC MO-314
24 May 1989
seed, and to use good cultural practices in
weed emergence (preemergence), or, in some
establishing the new turf. Every effort should be
instances on actively growing weeds (postemer-
made to establish a vigorous turf in which weeds
gence). Herbicides that are registered for these
have difficulty becoming established.
uses in ornamental plantings are given in attach-
b. In spring or early summer seedings of
ments 14, 15, 16, and 17. Herbicides that are
cool-season turf species, germinating crabgrass,
registered for use in ground covers and flowers
foxtail, and bermudagrass can be controlled by
are shown in attachments 18 and 19, together
an application of siduron at seeding.
with the plants for which they are registered.
c. Some weeds in new seedings can be con-
trolled by a proper balance of mowing, irrigat-
4-15. Measuring Small Quantities of Herbicides.
ing, and fertilizing. If seedling broadleaf weeds
Ornamental plantings usually occupy small ar-
threaten to shade out turf grass seedlings, even
eas, and only small quantities of herbicides are
after one or two mowings, they can be con-
needed. Attachment 20 shows equivalent doses
per acre and per 1000 ft2 for some of the
trolled with herbicides. A mixture of 2,4-D with
other herbicides can be used effectively on
herbicides that are registered for ornamentals,
cool-season grass seedlings of such species as
and it also tells how to make the conversion.
Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, and tall fescue if
Section D -- Controlling Vegetation Around
applied at 1/4 to 1/3 the rate used in established
Structures
turf (attachment 11). Such treatments should be
delayed 5 weeks or more after seeding. Also,
4-16. Hazards of Soil Sterilants:
bromoxynil at 0.38 to 0.5 lb/a alone, or in
a. Many of the soil sterilants that are used
combinations with dicamba at 0.13 to 0.25 lb/a,
around buildings and other structures are haz-
effectively controls many annual broadleaf
ardous in the root zones of trees and shrubs,
weeds in new seedlings.
and are hazardous to plants downslope. Tree
roots may extend as far, or further, laterally as
Section C -- Controlling Weeds in Horticultural
their tops grow high. They may be up to 60 to
Plantings
100 feet from the trunks. A toxic herbicide can
be absorbed by the roots, translocate to foliage,
4-13. Uses of Herbicides. Herbicides can be
and kill or injure the tree.
used in landscape plantings to reduce the hand
b. Herbicides that are hazardous to use adja-
labor required for maintenance. Sites that can be
cent to landscape plantings include: atrazine,
treated include shrubs and trees along roads,
prometon, bromacil, diuron, tebuthiuron, hexa-
ornamental beds, windbreaks, ground covers,
zinone, dicamba, and picloram. The very low
and shrubbery and flowers around buildings.
rates of dicamba (0.125 to 0.25 lb/a) used in
Some herbicides may be used in bulbs and in
turf are not hazardous to trees growing in the
herbaceous annuals and perennials. Because no
area. The relative hazards of many herbicides to
one herbicide is effective and safe on all plants
desirable plants are listed in attachment 13.
and in all situations, care must be taken in their
selection and application.
4-17. Recommended Treatments. A safe herbi-
cide mixture to use around buildings, parking
lots, fence lines, guard rails, and other structures
4-14. Selecting Herbicides:
where root zones of desirable woody plants may
a. Important factors in selecting herbicides
be contacted is the foliage herbicide glyposate at
for landscape uses include: the weed species and
1 to 4 lb/a, plus simazine at 3 to 4 lb/a, plus
their stages of growth, the ornamental plants to
oryzalin at 4 to 5 lb/a. The latter two are
be maintained, the hazard to sensitive plantings
absorbed from the soil. Spray on actively grow-
downslope, and the hazard to trees and shrubs
ing weeds. Paraquat at 0.5 to 1 lb/a could
from root uptake. Most of these factors are
substitute for glyphosate in this mixture. If the
addressed on the herbicide label.
herbicide mixture is to be adjacent to turf, omit
b. Herbicides can be used effectively before
the simazine.
planting (preplanting), after planting but before
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