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 CHAPTER 2.
BACKGROUND
Section 1.
INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 SHIP-TO-SHORE SYSTEM. To comply with the public law and DOD directive,
the Navy initiated a program for collecting sewage on board ships, and for
periodically transferring the wastes to shore facilities for treatment and
disposal. Shipboard systems to collect, hold, and transfer (CHT) sewage are
being installed currently on most large Navy ships. Smaller ships, such as
service craft and some new construction combatants, are being outfitted with
marine sanitation devices (MSDs). These systems reduce the volume of sewage
generated by using reduced flush, recirculating flush, evaporation, or incin-
eration processes. The reduced sewage generation rate minimizes the size of
the collection tanks required on these vessels.
Concurrently with the shipboard installations, shore facilities for
receiving the ships' waste are being constructed at most ship berthing areas.
The facilities will be designed to transfer the ships' waste to existing
sewerage systems. Fifty-foot lengths of 4-inch hose will be used for the
interface connection between the ship and the shore facility.
20102 OPERATING SCENARIO. Once operational, shipboard CHT or MSD systems
will be activated as the ship enters the 3-mile restricted zone. While tran-
siting the 3-mile zone, wastes should be collected from the soil drains only.
After the ship has been berthed, shore personnel will deploy sewage hoses to
connect the ship discharge point to the shore reception facility. Once the
ship has been connected, the waste water drains should be diverted to the
holding tank and the system placed in the automatic pumping mode. The above
procedure is reversed when a ship is scheduled to deploy to sea. These opera-
tions should be carried on with minimum time and effort, minimum interference
with and from other pier activities, and without physical or health hazard to
ships' crews and station personnel. Normally, sewage transfer hoses will be
supplied by the receiving facility and will be cleaned and stored in accord-
ance with pertinent Bureau of Medicine (BUMED) instructions as discussed in
Chapter 10, Section 1-1 in this manual.
2.1.3 SPECIAL OPERATING SCENARIOS. In addition to the above, two special
operating scenarios have been identified.
a. Ships Berthed in a Nested Configuration. Most ships that routinely
nest are being outfitted with an athwartship "pump-thru" capability. As a
result, outboard ships in a nest will be connected to the inboard ship and
will pump their sewage through the inboard ship(s) to the pier facility.
Generally, the ship's crew will be responsible for making the hose connections
in nested situations.
b. Ships at Anchor and Ships Berthed at Piers without Sewage Collection
Facilities. For these situations the ships' waste will be collected with ship
waste offload barges (SWOBs), which have been specially designed to handle
sewage. The collected waste subsequently will be transferred from the barge
to the shore sewerage system.
2-1
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