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 MIL-HDBK-1013/14
APPENDIX D (Continued)
such as an upward blast load acting opposite to gravity (see Figure D-3). Such a load would
reverse the load pattern on a beam. Concrete beams that have differing amounts of compressive
(usually top) and tensile (usually bottom) reinforcement may not be able to accommodate this
load reversal. For this reason, damage is often more severe above an explosion.
As discussed above, the debris, fragments, and collapsing rubble causes most injuries
associated with the blast, rather than the shock wave pressure itself.
D.5.6 General Guide for Building Damage. Knowing the expected charge weight, it is possible
to develop a general rule of thumb for predicting damage, based on the behavior of typical
construction. The distances shown in Tables D-8 and D-9 are averages for all types of
construction, and reflect generally good construction practices. These tables were developed
using the ERASDAC, BDAM, and FACEDAP computer programs for damage prediction.
Specific results were then reviewed for conformity to general experience. Tables D-8 and D-9
are used in conjunction with Table D-7 to establish standoff distance based on acceptable
damage levels.
Table D-8
Distances in Feet (Meters) to Produce Structural Damage
for 50- to 4,000-Pound (37.7- to 1,818-kg) Bombs
R/W1/3
50 lb
220 lb
500 lb
1,000 lb
4,000 lb
Structural
Damage
(23.7)
(100)
(227)
(454)
(1,818)
Category
Severe
10
37
60
79
100
158
(11.3)
(18.3)
(24.1)
(30.5)
(48.1)
Heavy
18
66
108
143
180
285
(20.1)
(32.8)
(43.5)
(54.7)
(86.9)
Moderate
24
88
145
190
240
380
(26.8)
(44.2)
(57.9)
(73.1)
(115.8)
Minor
30
103
169
222
280
443
(31.4)
(51.5)
(67.7)
(85.3)
(135.0)
Minimal
40
147
241
317
400
633
(44.7)
(73.3)
(96.4)
(121.9)
(192.9)
111
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