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 In order to facilitate the installation of the electronic systems, spare duct bank and conduit
shall be run in a similar manner to that shown in Figure 4.5. At a minimum provide a system of
underground concrete-encased PVC ductbank and fiberglass/composite handholes for
distribution of power, control, and communications/data wiring from the ECF control center
(gatehouse) to each remote device. If no detailed locations are pre-determined for remote
devices, provide two handholes located at either end of each primary channelization island,
one at each secondary channelization island, and similarly in the median. The layout should
consider the first automation device to be positioned prior to the rejection point located
before the main identification checkpoint. Consider the possibility of access control systems
being used for recording outbound lane activity in addition to inbound traffic identification.
Power and communications wiring shall be separated in accordance with the National
Electrical Code (NFPA 70) and the National Electrical Safety Code (IEEE C2). Details of
minimum sizes for the ductbank and handholes are provided in the prototype drawings in
Appendix 1. Space shall be reserved in the gatehouse for the controls and electric
panelboards associated with the future control systems.
4.7 Exterior Lighting
There are several references that discuss site lighting for general security purposes and entry
control facilities (see Ref. 2,5,6). As indicated in reference 5, the quantity and quality of
illumination will conform to the latest edition of the Illuminating Engineering Society's of North
America (IESNA) Lighting Handbook, except as modified in this guidance. In the design of
lighting for an ECP, the lighting requirements vary depending on the zone of the entry control
point. The ECF should be provided with multiple, redundant luminaires to ensure the loss of a
single luminaire does not seriously degrade the total available lighting available for security
personnel (8, 29-20).
The approach and response zones require typical roadway lighting. The roadway lighting
should provide enough intensity so that pedestrians, security personnel, islands, signage, and
other hazards are visible (2). The lighting should not be directed in the driver's eyes and it
should not backlight important signage (2). Table 4-2 provides the suggested minimum
illuminances for the various areas of an ECF. Transitional lighting is necessary on approaches
to the entry control point so that drivers are not blinded during arrival and departure (7). As
discussed in the IESNA Lighting Handbook, a "visually safe installation must be free of glare
and of uncontrolled, large differences in luminances. Maximum luminance ratios are important
in order to avoid temporary reductions in visibility because of changes in readapatation when
alternately looking a areas of widely different brightnesses (8, 29-17)." The guidance
provided in the IESNA Lighting Handbook for limiting glare and adaptation effects should be
followed. Reference 7 indicates the illumination level should be reduced by 50 percent within
the average distance traveled in 15 seconds in order to create proper transitional lighting
The lighting at the ECF should be designed as controlled lighting, to reduce light pollution and
increase traffic safety. Glare projection or glare lighting should be avoided where a safety
hazard would be created. Utilize luminaires that are classified as cutoff or semi-cutoff.
In the access control zone, area lighting is provided in the vicinity of the facilities. This lighting
must be provided at a higher level as indicated in Table 4-2, to facilitate identification and
inspection procedures. The lighting needs to illuminate the exterior and interior of a vehicle to
facilitate identification of the occupants and the vehicle contents. Good vertical illuminance
facilitates the identification and inspection procedures (8, 29-20). Lighting levels above those
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