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 and delay times (such as U-turns, heavily trafficked streets, and left
turns) for each collection vehicle. A common-sense approach to micro-
routing includes the following general rules:
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Routes shall not be fragmented or overlapping. Each route shall
be compact, consisting of street segments clustered in the same
geographical area.
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The collection route shall be started as close to the garage or
motor pool as possible.
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Heavily traveled streets shall not be collected during rush
hours.
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Services on dead-end streets can be considered as services on the
street segment that they intersect, since they can be collected
only by passing down that street segment. To keep left turns at
a minimum, however, the dead-end streets shall be collected when
they are to the right of the truck. They must be collected by
walking down, backing down, or making a U-turn.
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When practical, steep hills shall be collected on both sides of
the street while the vehicle is moving downhill, for safety,
ease, speed of collection, reduced wear on vehicle, and
conservation of gas and oil.
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Higher elevations shall be at the start of the route.
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For collection from one side of the street at a time, it is
generally best to route with many clockwise turns around blocks
(Figure 3-1C).
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For collection from both sides of the street at the same time, it
is generally best to route with long straight paths across street
blocks.
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Minimize left turns, which generally are more difficult and time
consuming than right turns. Also, right turns are safer,
especially for right-hand-drive vehicles.
3.1.7
Collection Personnel
3.1.7.1 Regular schedules. For maximum efficiency, assign personnel
with refuse-handling duties to regular schedules.
3.1.7.2 Crew size. Crew size selection will be affected by the
amount of waste per stop, number and location of collection points, type of
storage containers, haul time to unloading point, wage rates, labor
preference, and management. In high-density population areas, the larger
quantity of waste at a given stop makes larger trucks with three-man crews
economically competitive with smaller crew sizes.
3-6
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