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 Additional Factors/
Species
Grain
Characteristics
Heartwood Color
Weight
SOFTWOODS
Douglas-fir
Coarse, abrupt transition
Orange-red to red to
Present, not distinct
Moderately
heavy
between earlywood and
sometimes yellowish
DF/
latewood
Southern Yellow
Same as Douglas-fir
Heartwood limited-
Moderately
heavy
Present,
distinct
Pine
same as Douglas-fir;
SP
sapwood common, white
to yellowish
Western Hemlock Mostly uniform, some
Light reddish-brown
Moderately light Absent
contrast between earlywood with a purplish cast
WH
in latewood bands
and latewood
White Fir
Uniform
Nearly white to pale
Light
Absent
WF
reddish-brown
White Oak
Coarse, ring porous,
Light to dark brown
Conspicuous
Heavy
OA
straight grained
Red Oak
Coarse, ring porous, pores Pinkish to pale reddish Heavy
Conspicuous
more open than white oak, cast
OA
straight grained
Black Gum
Fine, diffuse porous,
Moderately heavy Inconspicuous
Heartwood reddish-brown
GU
interlocked grained
sapwood common, pale
flesh color with pinkish
tinge or discolored with
blue stain; variegated
pattern common between
sapwood and heartwood
Black Gum
Fine, diffuse porous,
Heartwood greenish to
Moderately heavy Inconspicuous
GU
interlocked grained
brownish-gray; sapwood
common, white to grayish
//Additional factors are resin canals for softwoods and wood rays for the hardwoods.
Species brand abbreviations are those used by the American Wood Preservers' Association.
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