Materials Testing

• Materials Testing
• Materials Testing -Cont.
• Preface
• Non-Military Records
• Table of Contents
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Chapter 1 Materials Testing Overview
• Soil Properties
• Equipment
• Chapter 2 Soils
• Physical Properties
• Soil Gradation
• Moisture
• Organic Soils
• Soil Classifications
• Coarse-Grained Soils
• Borderline Soil Groups
• Highly Oraganic Soils
• Factors Considered
• Visual Examination
• Breaking or Dry Strength Test
• Roll or Thread Test
• Ribbon Test
• Odor Test
• Feel Test
• Table 2-2. Sedimentation Test
• Section II. Soil Surveys and Sampling
• Drainage
• Maps
• Air Photographs
• Field Investigations
• Preparation
• Figure 2-8. Typical Boring Log
• The Soil Profile
• Recommended Procedures for Soil Surveys
• Preparation Of Soil Profile
• Recording Samples
• Bag Samples
• Composite Samples
• Moisture Content Samples
• Chunk Samples
• Figure 2-20. Taking a Chunk Sample from A Level Surface
• Figure 2-24. Applying Paraffin to Seal Chunk Samole
• Cylinder Samples by Soil Trafficability Sampler
• Cylinder Samples by CBR Mold
• Figure 2-29. Section Through CBR Mold
• Quartering Samples
• Samples Weighing Over 100 Pounds
• Samples Weighing 25 to 100 Pounds
• Section III. Sieve Analysis
• Apparatus
• Figure 2-44. Equipment for Sieve Analysis
• Figure 2-45. Hand -Operated Sieve Shaker
• Sieve Method
• Figure 2-47. Data Sheet,Example of Dry Sieve Analysis
• Calculations
• Sieve Analysis With Prewashing
• Computations
• Plotting the Curve
• Section IV. Specific Gravity Test
• Specific Gravity of Soil
• Bulk Specific Gravity
• Soils with Natural Water Content
• Figure 2-51. Calibration Curve for A Volumetric Flask
• Figure 2-52. Data Sheet, Specific Gravity Test
• Oven-Dried Soils
• Apparent and Bulk Specific Gravity
• Calculations
• Expedient Methods
• Expedient Methods -Cont.
• Table 2-4. Relative Density of Water and Correction Factor at Various Temperatures
• Section V. Hydrometer Analysis
• Figure 2-55B. Typical Hydrometer Calibration Curve
• Figure 2-56. Combined Mechanical Analysis, Sedimentation method
• Figure 2-57. Data Sheet, Hydrometer Analysis
• Figure 2-58. Apparatus for Grain Size Distribution by Hydrometer Analysis
• Meniscus Correction
• Hydrometer Test
• Figure 2-59. Detail of Stirring Paddle and Dispersion Cups
• Figure 2-60. Hand Agitator
• Calculations
• Figure 2-61. Strokes Law Nomograph
• Presentation of Results
• Figure 2-62. Data Sheet,Grain-size Distribution Graph-Aggregate Trading Chart
• Section VI. Combined Mechanical Analysis
• Calculations
• Presentation of Results
• Section VII. Moisture Content Testing
• Calculations
• Figure 2-63. Data Sheet,Soil Moisture Content
• Calcium Carbide Gas Pessure Method
• Calculation
• Figure 2-64. Calibration Curve
• Figure 2-65. Speedy Moisture Tester Conversion Chart
• Section VIII. Liquid and Plastic Limits
• Liquid Limit Test
• Figure 2-66. Apparatus for Dtermining Atternberg Limits
• Figure 2-67. Mechanical Liquid Limit Device
• Figure 2-68. Data Sheet,Atternberg Limits determination
• Procedure
• Calculations
• One Point Liquid Limit Test
• Plastic Limit Test
• Calculations
• Section IX. Compaction Test
• Preparation
• Preparation of Sample
• Table 2-8. Results of Soil Compaction Test
• Figure 2-79. Data Sheet, Soil Compaction Test Data
• Calculations
• Compaction Curve
• Figure 2-80.Data Sheet, Soil Compaction Test Graph
• Figure 2-81. Effect of Water on Density
• Compaction Equipment
• Compaction Theory
• Compaction Curve Construction
• Zero Air Voids
• Table 2-9. Data for Zero Air Voids Curve
• Section X. Density Determination
• Sand Displacement Method
• Figure 2-84. Sand Displacement Method Apparatus
• Figure 2-85.Data Sheet,Calibration of Sand-Cone Apparatus
• Figure 2-86. Data Sheet, Unit Weight Determinations
• Procedure
• Density Determination
• Figure 2-87. Reverse of Data Sheet, Unit Weight Determination
• Water Displacement Method
• Drive Cylinder Method
• Calculation
• Section XI. California Bearing Ratio Test
• The CBR Test
• Figure 2-89. Laboratory CBR Test Apparatus
• Figure 2-90. Data Sheet, CBR Test Data
• Figure 2-91. Reverse of Data Sheet, CBR Test Data
• Penetration Test
• Procedure
• Remolded Sample Test
• Cohesive Soils
• Apparatus
• Table 2-10. Surcharge Weights, Depth Versus Density
• Presentation and Analysis of CBR Data
• Table 2-11. Summary of CBR Test Programs
• Table 2-12. Summary of Compaction Requirements
• Presentation and Analysis of CBR Data
• Test Program for Swelling or Expansive Soils
• Figure 2-95. Sample Test Results Airfield Delta
• Figure 2-95. Sample Test Results Airfield Delta -Cont.
• Figure 2-95. Sample Test Results Airfield Delta -Cont.
• Figure 2-95. Sample Test Results Airfield Delta -Cont.
• Figure 2-95. Sample Test Results Airfield Delta -Cont.
• Test Program for Swelling or Expansive Soils -Cont.
• Figure 2-96. Swell Data Curve, Airfield Delta
• Test Program for Free- Draining Soils
• Figure 2-97. CBR Analysis Sheet, Borrow Pit"A"
• Figure 2-97. CBR Analysis Sheet, Borrow Pit"A" -Cont.
• Section XII. Plate Bearing Test
• Deformation Measuring
• Figure 2-98. Plate Bearing Test Loading
• Evaluation of Results
• Saturation Correction
• Interpretation of Corrections
• Section XIII. Unconfined Compression Test
• Figure 2-102. Assembled Apparatus, Unconfined Compression Test
• Calculations
• Figure 2-103. Data Sheet, Unconfined Compression Test
• Figure 2-104. Stress-Strain Curve, Unconfined Compression Test
• Section XIV. Technical Soils Report
• Organization and Scope of The Tests
• Compilation of Results
• Recommended Outline For A Soils Report
• Chapter 3 Bituminous Mixtures
• Figure 3-1. Simplified Flow Chart Showing Recovery and Refining of Petroleum Asphaltic Materials
• Asphalts
• Fluidity
• Figure 3-3. Viscosity Grades at Room Temperature
• Tars
• Table 3-3. Characteristics of Bituminous Materials
• Table 3-3. Characteristics of Bituminous Materials -Cont.
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Table 3-4. Typical Uses of Bituminous Materials
• Table 3-4. Typical Uses of Bituminous Materials -Cont.
• Section II. Sampling Materials
• Bituminous Materials Sampling
• Section III. Field Identification
• Figure 3-5. Identification of Unknown Bituminous Materials
• Ashpalt Emulsions
• Aggregate Identification
• Impermeable
• Section IV. Tests on Bitumens
• Specific Gravity Test
• Figure 3-6. Sample Data Sheet,Specific Gravity of Bituminous Mix Components (DD FORM 1216)
• Flash Point by Tag Open Cup
• Calculation
• Penetration Test
• Ductility Test
• Spot Test
• Section V. Tests on Aggregate and Fillers
• Specific Gravity
• Apparent Specific Gravity
• Apparent Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate (Calibrated Flask)
• Apparant Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate (Uncalibrated Flask)
• Specific Gravity of Bulk-Impregnated Aggregate
• Specific Gravity of Mineral Filler
• Section VI. Bituminous Mix Design
• Gyratory Test Method
• Apparatus
• Procedure
• Procedure -Cont.
• The Marshall Test Method
• Apparatus
• Figure 3-13. Apparatus for Bituminous Mix Design
• Procedure
• Figure 3-14. Compaction of Bituminous Trial Mix Specimens
• Calculation and Presentation of Results
• Figure 3-16. Test Results- Marshall Stability Test
• Figure 3-16. Test Results- Marshall Stability Test -Cont.
• Figure 3-17.Stability Test Assembly
• Figure 3-18. Asphalt mix Curves, Marshall Test Properties
• Test Variations
• Table 3-7. Marshall Test Specifications and Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content
• Surface Area Method
• Job-Mix Formula
• Figure 3-19. Bituminous Mix Design, Aggregate Blending, Data Sheet
• Figure 3-20. Aggregate Grading Chart, Stockpile Materials
• Figure 3-21. Aggregate Grading Chart, Specification Limits and Graduation of Blended Aggregate
• Section VII. Plant Control
• Figure 3-22. Bituminous Hit-Mix Batch Plant
• Iniating Plant Production
• Executing Plant Controls
• Centrifugal Extraction Method
• Figure 3-25. Probable Causes of Imperfections Encountered in Laying Pavement
• Figure 3-26. Dulin-Rotarex Extraction equipment
• Sieve Analysis of Aggregate
• Density Tests
• Figure 3-27. Asphalt Content by Dulfin-Rotarex Extractor,Sample Data Sheet (DD Form 1793)
• Expediting the Design
• Chapter 4 Concrete
• Cement
• Blended Cements
• Water
• Fine Aggregate
• Properties of Concrete
• Durabilty
• Curing
• Accelerators
• Section II. Aggregate Testing
• Apparatus, Test Procedure, and Calculations
• Specific Gravity,Absorption, and Surface Moisture
• Procedure, Fine Aggregate
• Procedure One: Surface Moisture
• Tests for Impurities
• Table 4-4. Limits For Deleterious in Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
• Apparatus
• Sink-Float Separation Procedure
• Color test for Organic Matter
• Evaluation of Results
• Procedure for Test for Soundness Using Sodium or Magnesium Sulfates
• Size of Aggregate
• Section III. Identification of Cements
• Section IV> Proportioning of Mixes
• Water-Cement Ratio
• Table 4-7. Maximum Permissible Water-Cement Ratios for Concrete in Severe Exposure
• Book Method of Mixture Proportioning
• Optimum Aggregate Gradation
• Table 4-10. Trial for Concrete of medium Consistency
• Table 4-10. Trial for Concrete of medium Consistency -Cont.
• Table 4-10. Trial for Concrete of medium Consistency -Cont.
• Table 4-10. Trial for Concrete of medium Consistency -Cont.
• Trial Batch Method of Mixture Proportioning
• Table 4-12. Example of Calculations for Aggregate Blending
• Figure 4-4. Data Sheet, Concrete Mixture Design Data
• Apparatus
• Trial Batch Procedure
• Table 4-13. ACI Recommended Maximum Permissible Water-Cement Ratios for Different Types of Strutures and Degrees of Exposure
• Table 4-15. Recommended Slumps for Various Types of Contruction
• Figure 4-6. Worksheet for Concrete Trial Mix Data
• Figure 4-7. Age-Compressive Strength Relationships for Types I and III Air-Entrained portland Cement
• Calculations
• Absolute Volume Method of Mixture Proportions
• Tests of Fresh Concrete
• Air-Content Testing
• Unit Weight
• Section . Flexural Strength Test (Modulus of Rupture)
• Procedure, Formation of Beams
• Procedure, Testing of Beams
• Calculations of Modulus of Rupture
• Conclusions
• Section VI. Compressive Strength Test
• Curing and Storage of Cylinders
• Capping of Cylinders
• Procedure
• Calculation
• Chapter 5 Soil Stabilization
• Additive
• Table 5-1. Stabilization Methods Most Suitable For Specific Applications
• Section II. Type and Amount of Stabilizing Agent
• Section of Stabilizer
• Figure 5-1. Soil Gradation Triangle
• Stabilization with Portland Cement
• Table 5-3. Guide for Selecting a Stabilizing Additive
• Table 5-4. Minimum Unconfined Compressive Strengths
• Table 5-7. Estimated Cement Requirements for Various Soil Types
• Stabilization with Lime
• Table 5-9. Average Cement Requirements for Silty and Clayey Soils
• Figure 5-2. Average Cement Requirements
• Figure 5-3. Estimated Lime Requirements
• Lime and Other Additives
• Stabilization with Bitumen
• Soil Gradation
• Mix Design
• Figure 5-4. Selection of Grade and Quantity of Asphalt Cement
• Use of Stabilized Soils In Frost Areas
• Pick and Click Tests
• Wet-Dry and Freeze-Thaw Tests
• Procedure, Freeze-Thaw Test
• Modified Mix Design for Sandy Soils
• Figure 5-5. Relation of Cement Content by Weight to Cement Content by Volume
• Proceudre Sequence
• Figure 5-6. Average Maximum Densities of the Minus No.4 Fraction of Soil-Cement Mixtures
• Figure 5-7. Indicated Cement Contents of Soil-Cement Mixtures not Containing Material Retained on the No. 4 Sieve
• Figure 5-9. Average Maximum Densities of Soil-Cement Mixtures Containing Material Retained on No. 4 Sieve
• Figure 5-10. Indicated Cement Contents of Soil-Cement Mixtures Containing Material Retained on No. 4 Sieve
• Figure 5-11. Minimum 7-Day Compressive Strengths for Soil- Cement Mixtures Containing Material Retained on No. 4 Sieve
• Appendix A Unified Soil Classification System
• Table A-1. Unified Soil Classification System
• Table A-2. Characteristics Pertinent to Roads and Airfields
• Table A-3. Characterisics Pertinent to Rembankments and Foundations
• Figure A-1. Identification of Soils Under Soils Classification System
• Appendix B Useful Information
• Appendix B Useful Information -Cont.
• Appendix B Useful Information -Cont.
• Appendix C Metric Conversion Table
• Appendix D Test Procedures for Soil-Cement Stabilization
• General Remarks
• Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations
• Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations -Cont.
• References
• References -Cont.
• References -Cont.
• References -Cont.
• References -Cont.
• Index
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Index -Cont.
• Soil Moisture Content
• Sieve Analysis Data
• Grain Size Distribution Graph- Aggregate Grading Chart
• Specific Gravity Tests
• Atterberg Limits Determination
• Soil Compaction Test Data
• Soil Compaction Test Graph
• California Bearing Ratio Test data
• California Bearing Ratio Test Graph
• Unconfined Compression Test
• Unit Weight Determination "Volume of Hole" Methods
• Unit Weight Determination "Volume of Hole" Methods -Cont.
• Specific Gravity of Bituminous Mix Components
• Bituminous Mix Design - Aggregate Blending
• Bituminous Mix Design - Aggregate Blending
• Marshall Method -Computation of Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
• Bituminous Mix Curves
• Concrete Mixture Design Data
• Determination of Asphalt Content
• Hydrometer Analysis
• California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Analysis
• CBR Family of Curves Data
• CBR Family of Curves
• Design CBR
• Report of Foundation and Borrow Investigation
• Distribution
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Materials Testing